(31:1-2) Saul Takes His Own Life - The Philistines had a well-earned reputation for torturing their captives. Saul likely knew about Samson's fate (Judges 16:18-31) and did not want to risk physical mutilation or other abuse. When his armour bearer refused to kill him, he took his own life.

(31:3-4) A Testimony of Weakness - Saul was tall, handsome, strong, rich, and powerful, but all this was not enough to make him someone we should emulate. He was large physically, but he was small in God's eyes. He was handsome, but his sin made him ugly. He was strong, but his lack of faith made him weak. He was rich, but he was spiritually bankrupt. He could give orders to many, but he couldn't command their respect or allegiance. Saul looked good on the outside, but he was decaying on the inside. A right relationship with God and strong character are much more valuable than a good-looking exterior.

(31:3-4) A Moral Dilemma - Saul's armour bearer faced a moral dilemma: should he carry out a sinful order from a man he was supposed to obey? He knew he should obey his master, the king, but he also knew murder was wrong; particularly, he knew that it was wrong to kill the Lord's anointed king. He decided not to kill Saul There is a difference between following an order with which you don't agree and following one you know is wrong. It is never right or ethical to carry out a sinful act, no matter who gives the order or what the consequences for disobedience may be. What shapes your choice when you face a moral dilemma? Have the courage to follow God's law above human commands.

(31:4) Saul Failed to Seek the Lord - Saul faced death the same way he faced life. He took matters into his own hands without thinking of God or asking for his guidance. If our lives aren't the way we would like them to be now, we can't assume that change will come more easily later. When nearing death, we will respond to God the same way we have been responding all along. Coming face-to-face with death only shows us what we are really like. How do you want to face death? Start facing life that way right now.

(31:10) A Trophy of Weakness - To put Saul's armor in the Philistine temple gave credit to a pagan goddess for victory over Saul. Ashtaroth was an ancient Middle Eastern goddess of war, fertility, and sex. Beth-shan was a town on the eastern slopes of Mount Gilboa, overlooking the Jordan Valley.

(31:13) A Judge or a King - Consider the difference between the last judge of Israel and the nation's first king. Saul, the king, was characterized by inconsistency, disobedience, and self-will. He did not have a heart for God. Samuel, the judge, was characterized by consistency, obedience, and a deep desire for God's will. He had a genuine desire for God. When God called Samuel, he said, "Speak; for thy servant heareth" (3:10). But when God (through Samuel) called Saul, Saul replied, "Wherefore then speakest thou so to me?" (9:21). Saul was dedicated to himself; Samuel was dedicated to God.Saul's death was also the death of an ideal--the people of Israel could no longer believe that having a king like the other nations would solve all their troubles. The real problem was not the form of government but the sinful king. Saul tried to please God by spurts of religiosity, but real faithfulness takes a lifetime of consistent obedience. Heroic spiritual lives are built by stacking days of obedience one on top of the other. Like a brick, each obedient act is small in itself, but in time the acts will pile up, and a huge wall of godly character will be built--a great defense against temptation. We should strive for consistent obedience each day.