(5:3-5) David is Anointed King - This was the third time David was anointed king. First he was privately anointed by Samuel (1 Samuel 16:13). Then he was made king over the tribe of Judah (2 Samuel 2:4). Finally he was crowned king over all Israel. David's life as an outlaw had looked bleak, but God's promise to make him king over all Israel was now being fulfilled. Although the kingdom would be divided again in less than 75 years, David's dynasty would reign over Judah, the southern kingdom, for over 400 years.

(5:4-5) David is Patient - David did not become king over all Israel until he was 37 years old, although he had been promised the kingdom many years earlier (1 Samuel 16:13). During those years, David had to wait patiently for the fulfillment of God's promise. If you feel pressured to achieve results and success quickly, remember David's patience. Just as his time of waiting prepared him for his important task, a waiting period may help prepare you for whatever God has planned.

(5:6)  David Makes Jerusalem Israel's Capital - The fortress of Zion (which became the city of Jerusalem) was located on a high ridge near the center of the united Israelite kingdom. It was considered neutral territory because it stood on the border of the territory of the tribes of Benjamin and Judah, and it was still occupied by the Jebusites, a Canaanite tribe who had never been expelled from the land (Judges 1:21). Because of its strategic advantages, David made Jerusalem his capital.

(5:7) David Finds Security in the Lord -  The Jebusites had a clear military advantage, and they boasted of their security behind the impregnable walls of Jerusalem, also called Zion. But they soon discovered that their walls would not protect them. David caught them by surprise by entering the city through the water tunnel. Only in God are we truly safe and secure. Anything else is false security. Whether you are surrounded by mighty walls of stone, a comfortable home, or a secure job, no one can predict what tomorrow may bring. Our relationship with God is the only security that cannot be taken away.

(5:8) The Water Tunnel - "Getteth up to the gutter" could be translated, "Goes up through the water tunnel."

(5:12) David Understands His Power if From the Lord - "David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel." Although the pagan kingdoms based their greatness on conquest, power, armies, and wealth, David knew that his greatness came only from God. To David, being great meant keeping a close relationship with God personally and nationally. To do this, David had to keep his ambition under control. Although he was famous, successful, and well liked, he gave God first place in his life and served the people according to God's purposes. Do you seek greatness from God or from people? In the drive for success, remember to keep your ambition under God's control.

(5:13) David has Weaknesses - Although David sincerely sought after God, he had weaknesses like any other person. One of those weaknesses was his desire for many wives. Sadly, the children born to these wives caused David and the kingdom much grief. David also set an unhealthy pattern for his son Solomon. For more on the problems caused by David's polygamy, see the note on 3:2-5 and the chart.)

(5:17)  The Philistines Try to Stop David - The Philistine oppression of Israel had begun in the days of Samson (Judges 13-16). The Philistines were still Israel's most powerful enemy even though David had once been considered a friend and ally ( Samuel 27; 29). Because they occupied much of Israel's northern territory, they apparently did not bother David while he was king of Judah to the south. But when they learned that David was planning to unite all Israel, they tried to stop him.

(5:18)  The Hold - The "hold" is the mountain stronghold in the wilderness of Judah that David had used when defending himself against Saul (see 23:14 and I Chronicles 12:8).

(5:19-25) David Follows God's Instructions - David fought his battles the way God instructed him. In each instance he (1) asked if he should fight or not, (2) followed instructions carefully, and (3) gave God the glory. We can err in our "battles" by ignoring these steps and instead (1) doing what we want without considering God's will, (2) doing things our way and ignoring advice in the Bible or from wise people we consult, and (3) taking the glory ourselves or giving it to someone else without acknowledging the help we received from God. Responding this way is sinful.

(5:19) David Seeks the Lord - How could David get such a clear message from God? He may have prayed and been urged to action by the Holy Spirit. He may have asked God through a prophet. Likely, however, he went to the high priest, who consulted God through the Urim and Thummim, which God had told the Israelites to use for just such a purpose. (For more on the Urim and Thummim, see the notes on Leviticus 8:8 and 1 Samuel 10:20.)

(5:25) David Focuses on the Enemies of God - After David became king, his first order of business was to subdue his enemies, a task the nation had failed to complete when they had first entered the land (Judges 2:1-4). David knew this had to be done in order to (1) protect the nation, (2) unify the kingdom, and (3) prepare for building the temple (which would unify the people's religious practices under God and help abolish idolatrous influences.